Pigment Violet 19, gamma-Modification The gamma-crystal modification of P.V.19 affords bluish red shades which are much yellower than those obtained by the belta-modification. It used in exterior house paints, transparent paints, printing inks industry, it is frequently used for its high heat stability to replace more expensive bluish Cadmium Red pigments. The gamma-form of P.V.19 is also applicable in injection-molded and extrusion-made polyamide, and such as powder coatings and cast resins.

Pigment Violet 19, Belta-Modification quinacridone violet, PV19, QUINACRIDONE RED The belta-modification affords a reddish violet shade. These pigments are frequently used in combination with inorganic pigments, especially with iron oxide, or to a decreasing extent with Molybdate Red pigments, to color industrial paints. The belta-modification of P.V.19 is very fast to bleeding in plasticized PVC. Metal deco prints containing -P.V.19 withstand up to 180°C for 10 minutes and 170°C for 30 minutes, respectively.

Pigment Yellow 183 P.Y.183   is considered a specialty product for the coloration of plastics. This monoazo yellow calcium pigment lake affords reddish, somewhat dull yellow shades with poor tinctorial strength. 1/3 SD HDPE colorations (1% TiO2) require 0.32% pigment. In such media, the pigment is thermally stable up to 300°C. Polymer shrinkage is practically unaffected. The pigment provides very good lightfastness; 1/3 SD colorations equal step 7–8 on the Blue Scale. P.Y.183 is also recommended for other high temperature processed plastics. In ABS, for example, it is thermally stable up to 300°C. P.Y.183 is bleed resistant in plasticized PVC, where its poor tinctorial strength is of some disadvantage.

Pigment Yellow 181 P.Y.181, a reddish yellow pigment, was introduced to the market a few years ago. Its main area of application is in plastics, especially in polyolefins. In these media, P.Y.181 is heat stable up to 300°C and very lightfast. 1/3 SD HDPE samples (1% TiO2), for instance, equal step 8 on the Blue Scale. The pigment does not affect the shrinkage of the partially crystalline polymer. P.Y.181 does not migrate in plasticized PVC. Besides, it shows excellent lightfastness in this medium. P.Y.181 is extremely heat stable, which makes it a suitable pigment for other polymers which are processed at high or very high temperature. The list includes PS, ABS, polyester, polyacetal, and various other technical plastics.

Pigment Yellow 154 P.Y.154 affords a somewhat greenish yellow shade of very high lightfastness and weatherfastness. Its shade is distinctly redder than that of P.Y.175 and noticeably redder than that of P.Y.151, both of which are also members of the benzimidazolone series. P.Y.154 is completely or at least almost completely resistant to the major organic solvents. The list includes alcohols, esters, such as butylacetate, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as mineral spirits or xylene, and dibutyl phthalate. P.Y.154 is primarily applied in paints, in which it is one of the most weatherfast organic yellow pigments. Incorporated in the same system and tested and evaluated under the same conditions as P.Y.151, P.Y.154 disperses easily. Areas of application also include other common media throughout the coatings and paints industry, such as architectural paints and emulsion paints. P.Y.154 is employed wherever high lightfastness and weatherfastness are required. Its principal application within the plastics area is in PVC. P.Y.154 reigns supreme in terms of lightfastness and durability in rigid PVC and in impact resistant PVC types, which makes it a suitable product for exterior use. P.Y.154 also has excellent lightfastness and weatherfastness in PVC plastisols which are coil coated onto steel. P.Y.154 is a useful pigment for the printing ink industry wherever high lightfastness is required.

Pigment Yellow 168 P.Y.168 is a calcium pigment lake and chemically closely related to the P.Y.61 and 62:1 lakes. It has been commercially available for some years, but has as yet gained only regional importance. It provides a clean, somewhat greenish yellow shade somewhere between the shades of P.Y.1 and 3. P.Y.168 is used in paints and plastics. The pigment exhibits good fastness to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons; but it shows only limited resistance to alcohols, esters, and ketones. It is largely acid and alkali resistant. P.Y.168 is not fast to overpainting. It is used in inexpensive industrial finishes wherever the application requirements, especially as far as lightfastness and durability are concerned, are not high. P.Y.168 shows good migration resistance in plasticized PVC, but its tinctorial strength is relatively poor. In transparent colorations, its lightfastness (0.1% pigment) is equal to step 6 on the Blue Scale; at 1/3 SD it corresponds to step 5. In HDPE, the pigment affects the shrinkage of extrusion products, which is typical of azo pigment lakes of this class. P.Y.168 is recommended especially for use in LDPE.

Pigment Yellow 180 P.Y.180, a greenish to medium yellow shade pigment, was introduced a few years ago. It is a disazo yellow pigment and is of particular interest to the plastics industry. In HDPE, P.Y.180 is heat stable up to 290°C. P.Y.180, like P.Y.181, does not affect the shrinkage of the plastics P.Y.180 is becoming increasingly important and is utilized in printing inks to suit particular applications where diarylide yellow pigments cannot be used. A special grade is also commercially available which is recommended for the coloration of solvent and water based packaging gravure and flexo printing inks,

Pigment Blue 15:3 HP BLUE 43145 P.B.15:3, the belta-modification of Copper Phthalocyanine Blue, affords a clean shade of turquoise. Pigments of this type are used primarily in graphical printing as well as in finishes and paints, plastics and rubber, textile printing, and other areas, such as office articles.

Pigment Yellow 151 P.Y.151, affords a clean greenish yellow shade. Its hue is somewhat greener than that of P.Y.154 and distinctly redder than that of P.Y.175. The type which features a specific surface area of less than 20 m2/g provides good hiding power. Its main area of application is in the paint industry, which uses P.Y.151 particularly for high grade industrial finishes. Good rheological properties make it possible to incorporate up to approximately 30% pigment in a paint without affecting the gloss of the coating. Coatings containing P.Y.151 are very lightfast and durable. Systems based on acrylic melamine resin, The plastics industry uses P.Y.151 to color PVC, polyolefins, and other polymers. The pigment shows excellent migration fastness in plasticized PVC. P.Y.151 is equally heat stable in polystyrene, as long as the processing temperature does not exceed 260 to 280°C. The pigment is very lightfast in this medium P.Y.151 is employed for printing inks wherever lightfastness is a prime consideration. The prints are fast to soap but not sufficiently alkali resistant. They are fast to clear lacquer coatings, but not fast to sterilization.

Pigment Yellow 139 for plastics P.Y.139 is a reddish yellow pigment, used in plastics, paints, and printing inks. The commercial types exhibit a wide variety of particle size distributions and accordingly demonstrate very different coloristic properties, which is especially true for the hiding power. The opaque version is considerably redder. Incorporated in a paint, it is less viscous, which makes it possible to to increase the pigment concentration without affecting the gloss of the product.

Pigment yellow 83, transparency type Yellow HR P.Y.83 possesses excellent fastness properties, which make it almost universally applicable. It provides a reddish yellow hue, which is considerably more reddish than that of P.Y.13 and at the same time very strong. P.Y.83 is the standard pigment within the reddish yellow range. P.Y.83 shows good to very good resistance to most solvents which are typically found in application media. P.Y.83 shows excellent lightfastness, even in methylmethacrylate or unsaturated polyester cast resins. The pigment does not affect the hardening of the latter. P.Y.83 is also used to an appreciable extent in plastics. Because of its good solvent resistance, migration is no problem in plasticized PVC even at low pigment levels; it does not bleed or bloom.

Pigment yellow 83, transparency type and hemi-trans type, yellow HR02 P.Y.83 possesses excellent fastness properties, which make it almost universally applicable. It provides a reddish yellow hue, which is considerably more reddish than that of P.Y.13 and at the same time very strong. P.Y.83 is the standard pigment within the reddish yellow range. P.Y.83 shows good to very good resistance to most solvents which are typically found in application media. P.Y.83 shows excellent lightfastness, even in methylmethacrylate or unsaturated polyester cast resins. The pigment does not affect the hardening of the latter. P.Y.83 is also used to an appreciable extent in plastics. Because of its good solvent resistance, migration is no problem in plasticized PVC even at low pigment levels; it does not bleed or bloom.

Pigment Yellow 81 This pigment affords a very greenish yellow. Its hue is similar to that of the monoazo yellow pigment P.Y.3, but white reductions are much stronger exhibiting considerably improved solvent and migration resistance. Although P.Y.81 shows satisfactory lightfastness, it is not quite as lightfast as P.Y.3. P.Y.81 is recognized throughout the paint industry for its fastness to overcoating and very good solvent fastness in industrial application. Most types exhibit good hiding power. In plastics application, P.Y.81 is very resistant to bleeding, provided the appropriate concentration limits are observed. Its heat resistance makes it a useful colorant for polyolefins. P.Y.81 was said to be heat stable up to 260°C for 5 minutes, depending on the depth of shade. The pigment was thus much more heat resistant than other diarylide yellow pigments

Pigment Yellow 17 PY17 for plastics P.Y.17 may be used for mass coloration and also to print PVC film. For these purposes, P.Y.17 is frequently prepared on a VC/VAc (vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate) mixed polymer basis. Good dispersibility in plastics makes these preparations suitable even for thin films. The dielectrical properties of P.Y.17 allow its application in PVC cable insulations. P.Y.17 is also frequently used in polyolefins,

Pigment Yellow 62, PY62 There is equally little commercial interest in the calcium pigment lake P.Y.62. Its use is in the plastics industry, where it produces colors in the medium to reddishyellow range. Although its solvent resistance is only average, P.Y.62 shows better fastness to plasticizers, such as dioctyl phthalate and dioctyl adipate, and consequently exhibits good bleeding fastness in plasticized PVC. It is also thermally stable. P.Y.62 is thermally stable up to 250°C. It has a considerable effect on the shrinkage of HDPE and other partially crystalline polymers. The pigment is an equally suitable colorant for polystyrene and polyurethane and lends color to polypropylene spin dyeing products with minimal application requirements.

Pigment yellow 14, PY14, DIARYLIDE YELLOW 14 For plastics, EVA The pigment is more important in the NA, where it is used in polyolefins. It is thermally stable up to 200°C, which makes it a useful colorant for elastomers, especially rubber.

Pigment yellow 13 for plastics P.Y.13 is used to a more appreciable extent in plastics, where it meets average standards. P.Y.13 is as lightfast as in PVC. P.Y.13 is used to an appreciable extent usually in the form of pigment preparations – in rubber and other elastomers and in aromatic polyurethane foams. The spin dyeing market employs P.Y.13 to color viscose rayon and synthetic wool. As a result of the discovered thermal decomposition of diarylide yellow pigments , the use of P.Y.13 in HDPE must be limited to 200°C, even though the pigment was said before to survive a 5 minute exposure to 200 to 260°C

Pigment yellow 13, PY13  be used for water based inks or paints, plastics P.Y.13 also represents a frequent choice throughout the printing ink industry, especially in offset application. The paint industry shows only limited interest in either P.Y.13 or 12. Although the redder varieties of P.Y.13 are more lightfast than the P.Y.12 types by a few steps on the Blue Scale, they do not reach the lightfastness of Hansa Yellow type monoazo pigments. P.Y.13 is not fast to overpainting.  P.Y.13 is used to a more appreciable extent in plastics, where it meets average standards.

Pigment yellow 12 for plastics P.Y.12 as a colorant for polymers. Although a certain tendency to migrate precludes its use in plasticized PVC, rigid PVC somewhat enhances its performance. Transparent varieties become sufficiently fast to light to equal step 6 on the Blue Scale; opaque types afford values between 2 and 5, depending on the pigment concentration and amount of TiO2 or depth of shade.  Good heat resistance also qualifies P.Y.12 for use in polyurethane foam; aromatic polyurethanes themselves are not very fast to light.

Pigment Violet 19, gamma-Modification 05B The gamma-crystal modification of P.V.19 affords bluish red shades which are much yellower than those obtained by the belta-modification. It used in exterior house paints, transparent paints, printing inks industry, it is frequently used for its high heat stability to replace more expensive bluish Cadmium Red pigments. The gamma-form of P.V.19 is also applicable in injection-molded and extrusion-made polyamide, and such as powder coatings and cast resins.

Pigment red 254 transparancy type shows good coloristic and fastness properties and has within a short period of time developed into a widely used pigment for high industrial paints, especially in original automotive finishes and automotive refinishes. The commercially available type affords medium shades of red in full shades, while white reductions are somewhat bluish red. The pigment shows good hiding power, it is used primarily in automotive finishes wherever lead-free formulations are required. For economical reasons, P.R.254 is frequently used in combination with the somewhat bluer but less weatherfast opaque type of P.R.170. Combination, for instance, with quinacridone pigments affords opaque shades of bluish red. P.R.254 shows very good fastness to organic solvents. P.R.254 is also used to color plastics which are processed at high temperature. A special type has recently been introduced to the market which is used for this purpose. In plasticized PVC, P.R.254 reaches step 8 on the Blue Scale for lightfastness. It shows high tinctorial strength and bleeding fastness.

Pigment red 254 opaque type shows good coloristic and fastness properties and has within a short period of time developed into a widely used pigment for high industrial paints, especially in original automotive finishes and automotive refinishes. The commercially available type affords medium shades of red in full shades, while white reductions are somewhat bluish red. The pigment shows good hiding power, it is used primarily in automotive finishes wherever lead-free formulations are required. For economical reasons, P.R.254 is frequently used in combination with the somewhat bluer but less weatherfast opaque type of P.R.170. Combination, for instance, with quinacridone pigments affords opaque shades of bluish red. P.R.254 shows very good fastness to organic solvents. P.R.254 is also used to color plastics which are processed at high temperature. A special type has recently been introduced to the market which is used for this purpose. In plasticized PVC, P.R.254 reaches step 8 on the Blue Scale for lightfastness. It shows high tinctorial strength and bleeding fastness.

Pigment Red 202 P.R.202, a very lightfast and weatherfast mixed phase quinacridone pigment, provides  more bluish and considerably duller shades than 2,9-dimethylquinacridone. P.R.202 is primarily applied in automotive finishes, AND RECENTLY USED FOR INKJET INKS.

Pigment Red 170 F5RK P.R.170 provides medium shades of red, which in tints are somewhat bluish. The transparent type is preferred for printing inks. It is tinctorially very strong and lends itself to use in a variety of high grade formulations. Inks formulated at only 15% pigment concentration will under standardized conditions produce 1/1 SD letterpress proof prints; the resulting prints are very lightfast. As a result of its excellent fastness properties,  The plastics industry uses P.R.170 almost exclusively to color rigid PVC. P.R.170 is also very heat stable; it retains its color strength for 10 minutes at 200°C or for 30 minutes at 180°C, which makes it a valuable pigment for metal deco printing. P.R.170 is also found in decorative printing inks for polyester films.

Pigment Red 166 P.R.166 affords clean yellowish shades of red. It is broad in scope and in this respect resembles the somewhat bluer disazo condensation pigment P.R.144. Its main area of application, however, is in plastics and in spin dyeing. In the plastics sector, P.R.166 is used primarily to color PVC and polyolefins. The pigment is almost completely fast to bleeding in plasticized PVC. Similarly colored pigments of other classes perform poorer in terms of migration and lightfastness and also regarding heat stability.

Pigment red 170 F3RK P.R.170 is used in high grade industrial paints. The pigment lends color to finishes for tools, to implements, agricultural machinery, and commercial vehicles; the opaque varieties are also used for automotive finishes, such as automotive refinishes. The very opaque modification is much more stable to a variety of Commercially Available Naphthol AS Pigments 303 agents than the more transparent type. Opaque types have been introduced to the market which are characterized by noticeably improved weatherfastness compared to previously available grades. P.R.170 is less costly than similarly colored perylene tetracarbonic acid pigments or diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments P.R.170 is also very heat stable; it retains its color strength for 10 minutes at 200°C or for 30 minutes at 180°C, which makes it a valuable pigment for metal deco printing. P.R.170 is also found in decorative printing inks for polyester films. P.R.170 is broad in scope. It is found in wood stains, including solvent-based stains; it is blended with carbon black and yellows to produce a variety of interesting shades of brown. The colorations are fast to overcoating in these media and resist nitro and acid hardening varnishes and polyester coatings. Its lightfastness in these media equals step 7 on the Blue Scale.

Pigment Red 144 P.R. 144 is a medium to slightly bluish red pigment, which probably reigns supremewithin its class. It is broad in scope and is mainly used to color plastics, including spin dyeing products. P.R.144 is almost completely fast to migration in plasticized PVC. One of the most tinctorially strong disazo condensation pigments, Comparative valuesare listed for other pigments within the same class and also in other classes. P.R.144 is very fast to light. Its weatherfastness in rigid PVC is less satisfactory, it fails to meet the standards of long-term exposure. P.R.144 is also suited to use in other plastics, such as polystyrene, polyurethane, elastomers, or cast resins, including those made from unsaturated polyester.Good heat stability and lightfastness make P.R.144 a suitable candidate especially for polypropylene spin dyeing.

Pigment Red 122, Coatings application.  P.R.122, like other quinacridone pigments, shows excellent application properties in high grade printing inks. 2,9-Dimethylquinacridone is more weatherfast than most other unsubstituted  types. P.R.122 offers a very clean bluish shade of red, which is usually referred to as pink or magenta.It possesses excellent fastness to migration and outstanding heat stability. Its main areas of application are in high grade paints, printing inks, and plastics.

Pigment Red 122, Quinacridone red P.R.122, like other quinacridone pigments, shows excellent application properties. in high grade printing inks. 2,9-Dimethylquinacridone is more weatherfast than most other unsubstituted  types. It possesses excellent fastness to migration and outstanding heat stability. P.R.122 offers a very clean bluish shade of red, which is usually referred to as pink or magenta. Its main areas of application are in high grade paints, printing inks, and plastics.

Pigment red 57:1 for plastics  The plastics industry uses P.R.57:1 primarily wherever performance in application is a minor concern, especially with respect to lightfastness. The exact value depends on the standard depth of shade and on the pigment concentration. P.R.57:1 is employed in cable insulations because of its good dielectrical properties. P.R.57:1 is employed in cable insulations because of its good dielectrical properties. P.R.57:1 is a useful colorant for a variety of special purpose media, including colored pencils and crayons.

Pigment Red 53:1 For plastics P.R.53:1 is used for its excellent heat stability as a colorant for plastics. 1/3 SD samples in HDPE withstand exposure to about 260°C for 5 minutes. Under common processing conditions, up to 260°C, P.R.53:1 has practically no effect on the shrinkage of injection-molded polyolefins. Its lightfastness in PE is approximately between step 3 and step 1 on the Blue Scale, depending on the depth of shade and on the pigment concentration. P.R.53:1 is also very strong in PVC. It is not very lightfast, but a number of disposable articles are colored to advantage with P.R.53:1. However, it has a poor fastness to bleeding.

Pigment Red 48:3 P.R.48:3, the strontium salt, is distinctly bluer than P.R.48:1, noticeably yellower than P.R.48:2, and slightly yellower than P.R.48:4. The main field of application for P.R.48:3 is in plastics. Incorporated in plasticized PVC, P.R.48:3 is the most bleed resistant of all metal salts, although it does show a certain tendency to migrate. P.R.48:3 is quite often more lightfast than other P.R.48 types.

Pigment red 48:2 for Plastics P.R.48:2 is also used in plastics, where it affords good tinctorial strength. Such colorations are heat stable up to 230°C for 5 minutes, but higher temperatures shift the color towards bluer, duller shades. At higher temperature, on the other hand, more reduced colorations (1/9 SD) shift the shade to yellower and cleaner hues. P.R.48:2 is used to an appreciable extent in LDPE, in which it is more lightfast than corresponding P.R.48:1 samples: the difference is about 2 1/2 steps on the Blue Scale. Incorporated in plasticized PVC, P.R.48:2 is not entirely 2.7.2 BONA Pigment Lakes 327 bleed resistant. The pigment may be used in PP spin dyeing only if polymers with a low melting point are used. In order to ensure sufficient light fastness, the pigment is used to advantage in deep shades, i.e., at high concentration.

Pigment Red 48:1 for universal application P.R.48:1, the barium salt, is a coloristically versatile product. It affords light yellowish to medium red shades, depending on the specific surface area of the product. Fastness to a number of common organic solvents, such as esters, ketones, and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, is good. However, P.R.48:1 shows only poor resistance to soap, alkali, and acid. The main field of application for P.R.48:1 is in printing inks and plastics. In order to enhance the transparency in print and to reduce the strong tendency of the prints to bronze, pigments that are targeted for use in printing inks are frequently supplied in resinated form. P.R.48:1 types show high tinctorial strength, but are less strong than P.R.53:1 grades. P.R.48:1 is considerably yellower than P.R.57:1 and noticeably bluer than P.R.53:1. Paint manufacturers frequently use P.R.48:1 in inexpensive industrial paints,

Pigment Orange 13, pyrazolone orange, permanent orange G  P.O.13 is pyrazolone orange, comes in semitransparent types with specific surface areas between about 35 and 50 m2/g. P.O.13 is extensively used in the rubber industry, It is coloristically very similar to P.O.34, but generally somewhat yellower. The pigment blooms over a large concentration range and bleeds considerably. At concentrations below ca.0.1%, neither P.O.34 nor 13 are suited for use in rigid PVC.. P.O.13 shows less stability in paints than P.O.34 types of similar particle size. The graphics industry uses P.O.13 to an appreciable extent for packaging printing inks.

Pigment orange 16 Structurally based on 3,3b-dimethoxybenzidine (o-dianisidine) as a diazo component, P.O.16 is also known as Dianisidine Orange.  Its color is a yellowish orange, which is considerably redder than P.O.13 and 34. Increasingly stringent application requirements regarding lightfastness and durability, solvent and migration resistance present a considerable challenge to P.Y.16 and have largely eliminated the pigment from the market. The largest area of application for P.Y.16 is in the printing ink industry. The pigment is used particularly to adjust the shades of P.Y.12 type diarylide yellow pigments, to which it is most closely related as far as application performance is concerned.

P.Y.110 affords very reddish shades of yellow. Good fastness properties make it a widely used pigment.P.Y.110 also shows excellent durability in rigid PVC and impact resistant PVC types, as well as in plastisols for coil coating. P.Y.110 is fast to bleeding. Its high heat stability is used to advantage in polyolefins. P.Y.110 has considerable effect on the shrinkage of this partially crystalline polymer at processing temperatures between 220 and 280°C. The pigment is also very lightfast in polyolefins. The paint industry uses the relatively weak P.Y.110 frequently as a colorant for industrial finishes, especially for high grade finishes. The pigment is very lightfast and weatherfast, which also makes it a suitable product for automotive finishes, for instance original automotive finishes. High transparency is an asset in metallic shades

Pigment Yellow 191 P.Y.191 displays excellent solvent fastness in aliphatic and in aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as in the commonly used plasticizers. The pigment is almost completely fast to alcohols and esters but not to water, ketones and methylglycol. P.Y.191 is also used for hot melting traffic paints in the USA. Four new crystal modifications of P.Y.191 have been described supplementing  the known alpha-phase. Phase conversions were achieved by solvation of the alpha-phase in high boiling organic solvents with subsequent cooling: the-phase by recrystallizing from NMP (180°C), DMAA or DMSO; the alpha-phase from diethyleneglycol dimethylether (150–170°C), the alpha-phase from ethyleneglycol (170–200°C) and the alpha-product from DMF.

Pigment Violet 19, Belta-Modification quinacridone violet, PV19, QUINACRIDONE RED The belta-modification affords a reddish violet shade. These pigments are frequently used in combination with inorganic pigments, especially with iron oxide, or to a decreasing extent with Molybdate Red pigments, to color industrial paints. The belta-modification of P.V.19 is very fast to bleeding in plasticized PVC. Metal deco prints containing -P.V.19 withstand up to 180°C for 10 minutes and 170°C for 30 minutes, respectively.

P.Y.138 type quinophthalone pigments afford exceedingly lightfast and weatherfast greenish yellow shades with good heat stability. Their main fields of application are in paints and in plastics.P.Y.138  demonstrates average to good tinctorial strength. P.Y.138 is an equally suitable colorant for polystyrene, ABS, and various other plastics, such as polyurethane foam. A wide variety of pigment preparations are supplied for various areas of application within the paint and plastics industry. These preparations have the advantage of containing already dispersed pigment..